To be beforehand with

prae-verto or - vorto, ti, 3, v. a., and (only in present tense) praevertor or - vortor ( inf. pass. paragog. praevortier, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 39), 3, v. dep.

To prefer:

ne me uxorem praevertisse dicant prae republicā,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 29:

si vacas animo, neque habes aliquid, quod huic sermoni praevertendum putes,

Cic. Div. 1, 6, 10; Gell. 4, 3, 2.—

To go before, precede, outstrip, outrun.

Lit. ( poet.):

cursu pedum ventos,

Verg. A. 7, 807:

equo ventos,

id. ib. 12, 345:

volucremque fugā praevertitur Eurum,

id. ib. 1, 317:

vestigia cervae,

Cat. 64, 341; Stat. Th. 5, 691.—

Trop.

To be beforehand with, to anticipate; with acc., to prevent, make useless: nostra omnis lis est: pulcre praevortar viros, will anticipate, be beforehand with them (cf. praevenio), Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 75:

aggerem et vineas egit, turresque admovit: quorum usum forte oblata opportunitas praevertit,

has rendered useless, Liv. 8, 16:

praevertunt, inquit, me fata,

prevent me, Ov. M. 2, 657:

celeri praevertit tristia leto,

Luc. 8, 29:

quae absolvi, quoniam mors praeverterat, nequiverunt,

Gell. 17, 10, 6.—

To take possession of beforehand, to preoccupy, prepossess:

vivo tentat praevertere amore Jampridem resides animos,

to prepossess, Verg. A. 1, 722; cf.:

neque praevorto poculum,

take before my turn, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 59.—

To surpass in worth, outweigh, exceed, to be preferable, of more importance:

erilis praevertit metus,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16: quoniam pietatem amori tuo video praevortere, outweigh, [p. 1438] exceed, id. Ps. 1, 3, 59:

nec posse, cum hostes prope ad portas essent, bello praevertisse quicquam,

Liv. 2, 24.—

To turn one's attention first or principally to, to do first or in preference to any thing else, to despatch first; used esp. in the dep.

With dat.:

rei mandatae omnes sapientes primum praevorti decet,

to apply themselves principally to it, to despatch it first, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 40:

ei rei primum praevorti volo,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 100:

stultitia est, cui bene esse licet, cum praevorti litibus,

to occupy one's self with contentions, id. Pers. 5, 2, 20:

cave, pigritiae praevorteris,

do not give yourself up to indolence, id. Merc. 1, 2, 3:

etsi ab hoste discedere detrimentosum esse existimabat, tamen huic rei praevertendum existimavit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 33.—

With acc., to do or attend to in preference:

hoc praevortar principio,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 8:

si quid dictum est per jocum, non aequom est, id te serio praevortier,

to take it in earnest, id. Am. 3, 2, 39; Liv. 8, 13:

aliud in praesentia praevertendum sibi esse dixit,

that must be attended to first, id. 35, 33.— Pass.:

praevorti hoc certum est rebus aliis omnibus,

Plaut. Cist. 5, 1, 8. —

With ad, to apply one's self particularly to any thing:

si quando ad interna praeverterent,

Tac. A. 4, 32; so, praevertor, dep.:

nunc praevertemur ad nostrum orbem,

Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:

nunc praevertemur ad differentias aeris,

id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

ad ea praeverti,

Col. 3, 7:

hostes ad occursandum pugnandumque in eos praevertentur,

Gell. 3, 7, 6.—

With an adverb of place:

illuc praevertamur,

let us first of all look at this, Hor. S. 1, 3, 38.—

With a rel.-clause; proximum erat narrare glandiferas quoque, ni praeverti cogeret admiratio, quaenam esset vita sine arbore ullā, Plin. H. N. 16, praef. § 1.—

Absol.:

in rem quod sit, praevortaris, potius quam, etc.,

do, perform, attend to, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 8.

prae-verto or - vorto, ti, 3, v. a., and (only in present tense) praevertor or - vortor ( inf. pass. paragog. praevortier, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 39), 3, v. dep.

To prefer:

ne me uxorem praevertisse dicant prae republicā,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 29:

si vacas animo, neque habes aliquid, quod huic sermoni praevertendum putes,

Cic. Div. 1, 6, 10; Gell. 4, 3, 2.—

To go before, precede, outstrip, outrun.

Lit. ( poet.):

cursu pedum ventos,

Verg. A. 7, 807:

equo ventos,

id. ib. 12, 345:

volucremque fugā praevertitur Eurum,

id. ib. 1, 317:

vestigia cervae,

Cat. 64, 341; Stat. Th. 5, 691.—

Trop.

To be beforehand with, to anticipate; with acc., to prevent, make useless: nostra omnis lis est: pulcre praevortar viros, will anticipate, be beforehand with them (cf. praevenio), Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 75:

aggerem et vineas egit, turresque admovit: quorum usum forte oblata opportunitas praevertit,

has rendered useless, Liv. 8, 16:

praevertunt, inquit, me fata,

prevent me, Ov. M. 2, 657:

celeri praevertit tristia leto,

Luc. 8, 29:

quae absolvi, quoniam mors praeverterat, nequiverunt,

Gell. 17, 10, 6.—

To take possession of beforehand, to preoccupy, prepossess:

vivo tentat praevertere amore Jampridem resides animos,

to prepossess, Verg. A. 1, 722; cf.:

neque praevorto poculum,

take before my turn, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 59.—

To surpass in worth, outweigh, exceed, to be preferable, of more importance:

erilis praevertit metus,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16: quoniam pietatem amori tuo video praevortere, outweigh, [p. 1438] exceed, id. Ps. 1, 3, 59:

nec posse, cum hostes prope ad portas essent, bello praevertisse quicquam,

Liv. 2, 24.—

To turn one's attention first or principally to, to do first or in preference to any thing else, to despatch first; used esp. in the dep.

With dat.:

rei mandatae omnes sapientes primum praevorti decet,

to apply themselves principally to it, to despatch it first, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 40:

ei rei primum praevorti volo,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 100:

stultitia est, cui bene esse licet, cum praevorti litibus,

to occupy one's self with contentions, id. Pers. 5, 2, 20:

cave, pigritiae praevorteris,

do not give yourself up to indolence, id. Merc. 1, 2, 3:

etsi ab hoste discedere detrimentosum esse existimabat, tamen huic rei praevertendum existimavit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 33.—

With acc., to do or attend to in preference:

hoc praevortar principio,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 8:

si quid dictum est per jocum, non aequom est, id te serio praevortier,

to take it in earnest, id. Am. 3, 2, 39; Liv. 8, 13:

aliud in praesentia praevertendum sibi esse dixit,

that must be attended to first, id. 35, 33.— Pass.:

praevorti hoc certum est rebus aliis omnibus,

Plaut. Cist. 5, 1, 8. —

With ad, to apply one's self particularly to any thing:

si quando ad interna praeverterent,

Tac. A. 4, 32; so, praevertor, dep.:

nunc praevertemur ad nostrum orbem,

Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:

nunc praevertemur ad differentias aeris,

id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

ad ea praeverti,

Col. 3, 7:

hostes ad occursandum pugnandumque in eos praevertentur,

Gell. 3, 7, 6.—

With an adverb of place:

illuc praevertamur,

let us first of all look at this, Hor. S. 1, 3, 38.—

With a rel.-clause; proximum erat narrare glandiferas quoque, ni praeverti cogeret admiratio, quaenam esset vita sine arbore ullā, Plin. H. N. 16, praef. § 1.—

Absol.:

in rem quod sit, praevortaris, potius quam, etc.,

do, perform, attend to, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 8.

prae-verto or - vorto, ti, 3, v. a., and (only in present tense) praevertor or - vortor ( inf. pass. paragog. praevortier, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 39), 3, v. dep.

To prefer:

ne me uxorem praevertisse dicant prae republicā,

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 29:

si vacas animo, neque habes aliquid, quod huic sermoni praevertendum putes,

Cic. Div. 1, 6, 10; Gell. 4, 3, 2.—

To go before, precede, outstrip, outrun.

Lit. ( poet.):

cursu pedum ventos,

Verg. A. 7, 807:

equo ventos,

id. ib. 12, 345:

volucremque fugā praevertitur Eurum,

id. ib. 1, 317:

vestigia cervae,

Cat. 64, 341; Stat. Th. 5, 691.—

Trop.

To be beforehand with, to anticipate; with acc., to prevent, make useless: nostra omnis lis est: pulcre praevortar viros, will anticipate, be beforehand with them (cf. praevenio), Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 75:

aggerem et vineas egit, turresque admovit: quorum usum forte oblata opportunitas praevertit,

has rendered useless, Liv. 8, 16:

praevertunt, inquit, me fata,

prevent me, Ov. M. 2, 657:

celeri praevertit tristia leto,

Luc. 8, 29:

quae absolvi, quoniam mors praeverterat, nequiverunt,

Gell. 17, 10, 6.—

To take possession of beforehand, to preoccupy, prepossess:

vivo tentat praevertere amore Jampridem resides animos,

to prepossess, Verg. A. 1, 722; cf.:

neque praevorto poculum,

take before my turn, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 59.—

To surpass in worth, outweigh, exceed, to be preferable, of more importance:

erilis praevertit metus,

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16: quoniam pietatem amori tuo video praevortere, outweigh, [p. 1438] exceed, id. Ps. 1, 3, 59:

nec posse, cum hostes prope ad portas essent, bello praevertisse quicquam,

Liv. 2, 24.—

To turn one's attention first or principally to, to do first or in preference to any thing else, to despatch first; used esp. in the dep.

With dat.:

rei mandatae omnes sapientes primum praevorti decet,

to apply themselves principally to it, to despatch it first, Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 40:

ei rei primum praevorti volo,

id. Capt. 2, 3, 100:

stultitia est, cui bene esse licet, cum praevorti litibus,

to occupy one's self with contentions, id. Pers. 5, 2, 20:

cave, pigritiae praevorteris,

do not give yourself up to indolence, id. Merc. 1, 2, 3:

etsi ab hoste discedere detrimentosum esse existimabat, tamen huic rei praevertendum existimavit,

Caes. B. G. 7, 33.—

With acc., to do or attend to in preference:

hoc praevortar principio,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 2, 8:

si quid dictum est per jocum, non aequom est, id te serio praevortier,

to take it in earnest, id. Am. 3, 2, 39; Liv. 8, 13:

aliud in praesentia praevertendum sibi esse dixit,

that must be attended to first, id. 35, 33.— Pass.:

praevorti hoc certum est rebus aliis omnibus,

Plaut. Cist. 5, 1, 8. —

With ad, to apply one's self particularly to any thing:

si quando ad interna praeverterent,

Tac. A. 4, 32; so, praevertor, dep.:

nunc praevertemur ad nostrum orbem,

Plin. 28, 9, 33, § 123:

nunc praevertemur ad differentias aeris,

id. 34, 8, 20, § 94:

ad ea praeverti,

Col. 3, 7:

hostes ad occursandum pugnandumque in eos praevertentur,

Gell. 3, 7, 6.—

With an adverb of place:

illuc praevertamur,

let us first of all look at this, Hor. S. 1, 3, 38.—

With a rel.-clause; proximum erat narrare glandiferas quoque, ni praeverti cogeret admiratio, quaenam esset vita sine arbore ullā, Plin. H. N. 16, praef. § 1.—

Absol.:

in rem quod sit, praevortaris, potius quam, etc.,

do, perform, attend to, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 8.

prae-mando, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

To order or command beforehand; with ut (very rare): ut conquireretur, praemandavi, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 9, 2.—

To order or procure beforehand:

puerum aut puellam,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 49.—Hence, subst.: praemandāta, ōrum, n., a warrant for the apprehension of an accused person:

emissus e carcere: idem postea praemandatis requisitus,

Cic. Planc. 12, 31.

prae-mando, ĕre, v. a., to chew beforehand; trop., to explain accurately and clearly (post-class.):

aliquid alicui,

Gell. 4, 1, 11.

prae-mando, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

To order or command beforehand; with ut (very rare): ut conquireretur, praemandavi, Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 9, 2.—

To order or procure beforehand:

puerum aut puellam,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 49.—Hence, subst.: praemandāta, ōrum, n., a warrant for the apprehension of an accused person:

emissus e carcere: idem postea praemandatis requisitus,

Cic. Planc. 12, 31.

prae-mando, ĕre, v. a., to chew beforehand; trop., to explain accurately and clearly (post-class.):

aliquid alicui,

Gell. 4, 1, 11.

prae-mĕtŭo, 3, v. n. and a.

Neutr., to fear or be in fear beforehand (very rare):

mens,

Lucr. 3, 1019: Caesar praemetuens suis, fearing for, anxious about his men, * Caes. B. G. 7, 49, 1.—

Act., to fear something beforehand: poenas Danaum et deserti conjugis iras, * Verg. A. 2, 573: dum praemetuit cultus inolescere Christi, Prud. ap. Symm. 2, 681.—Hence, praemĕtŭ-ens, entis, P. a., fearing beforehand; with gen. obj.:

ovis praemetuens doli,

Phaedr. 1, 16, 4.—

* Adv.: praemĕtŭenter, anxiously, solicitously:

errorem vitare,

Lucr. 4, 823.

occŭpo, āvi, ātum, 1 (occupassis for occupaveris, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 48:

occupassit for occupaverit,

id. As. 4, 2, 9), v. a. [obcapio; lit., to lay hold of; hence], to take possession of, seize, occupy any thing (esp. a place; class.; cf.: expugno, obsideo).

Lit.:

totam Italiam suis praesidiis obsidere atque occupare cogitat,

Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 75:

locum,

id. Fin. 3, 20, 67:

possessiones,

id. Phil. 13, 5, 12:

urbes,

Liv. 33, 31:

montem,

Tac. A. 4, 47:

portum,

Hor. C. 1, 14, 2:

aditum,

to go in, enter, Verg. A. 6, 424:

regnum,

Cic. Lael. 12, 40:

tyrannidem,

id. Off. 3, 23, 90:

familiam optimam occupavit,

has got hold of, has got into, Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 11:

occupando adquirere aliquid,

Gai. Inst. 2, 66 sqq.; cf. id. ib. 2, 215:

vindemia occupabit sementem,

shall reach to, Vulg. Lev. 26, 5.— Poet.:

aliquem amplexu,

to clasp in one's arms, to embrace, Ov. F. 3, 509.—

Transf.

To occupy, i. e. to take up, fill with any thing:

atrā nube polum,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 44:

urbem (sc. aedificiis),

Liv. 5, 55:

caementis Tyrrhenum mare,

Hor. C. 3, 24, 3.—

To fall upon, attack one with any thing (syn. invado):

Latagum saxo... Occupat os faciemque adversam,

Verg. A. 10, 699:

aliquem gladio,

id. ib. 9, 770:

aliquem morsu,

Ov. M. 3, 48:

canes ense,

Prop. 4, 4, 82 (5, 4, 84):

ne occupet te pluvia,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 18. 44: caligo, id. Job, 3, 5.— Poet., in a friendly sense, to surprise:

Volteium Philippus Vilia vendentem Occupat,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 64.—

To get the start of, to be beforehand with, to anticipate, to do a thing first, to outstrip:

occupat egressas quamlibet ante rates,

Ov. Tr. 1, 10, 6:

volo, tu prior ut occupes adire,

that you should present yourself the first, Plaut. Ps. 4, 1, 15:

praeloqui,

id. Rud. 1, 4, 18:

bellum facere,

to begin the war first, Liv. 1, 14:

rapere oscula,

Hor. C. 2, 12, 28.—

Trop.

To seize, take possession of, fill, invade, engross:

tantus timor omnem exercitum occupavit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39:

tremor occupat artus,

Ov. M. 3, 40:

sopor occupat artus,

Verg. G. 4, 190:

animos magnitudine rei,

Cic. Font. 5, 20:

pallor ora,

Verg. A. 4, 499.—

To take up, occupy, employ: haec causa primos menses occupabit, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:

cum in mentem venit tres et sexaginta annos aeque multa volumina occupasse mihi,

Liv. 31, 1, 3:

in funambulo Animum,

Ter. Hec. prol. 1, 4:

contio, quae homines occupatos occupat,

Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 7:

tanta superstitio mentis Siculorum occupavit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 51, § 113: pecuniam, to put out or lay out money:

pecuniam adulescentulo grandi fenore occupavisti,

have loaned it at a high rate, id. Fl. 21, 51:

pecunias apud populos,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 91:

pecuniam animalibus,

to lay out, invest in cattle, Col. 1, 8, 13:

pecuniam in pecore,

id. 11, 1:

argentum,

Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 13.— Pass.:

ante occupatur animus ab iracundiā,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 13, § 38; Liv. 22, 15, 6.—Hence, oc-cŭpātus, a, um, P. a., taken up, occupied, employed, busy, engaged (class.):

ut si occupati profuimus aliquid civibus nostris, prosimus etiam otiosi,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

in eo, ut,

Nep. Alc. 8, 1:

tempora,

Cic. Planc. 27, 66:

qui in patriā delendā occupati et sunt et fuerunt,

id. Off. 1, 17, 57:

hostibus opere occupatis,

Liv. 21, 45, 2: Nep. Hann. 7, 1.—Hence, married, occupatae (opp. to vacuae), Quint. Decl. 376.— Comp.: comitiorum dilationes occupatiorem me habebant, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 4, 3.— Sup.:

non dubito, quin occupatissimus fueris,

very much occupied, Cic. Att. 12, 38, 1; Plin. Ep. 9, 21, 2.

occurso, āvi, ātum, 1, v. freq. n. [occurro], to run, go, or come to meet; to meet (not in Cic.).

Lit.

In gen.:

alios occursantes interficere,

Sall. J. 12, 5:

occursare capro... caveto,

beware of meeting, Verg. E. 9, 24:

fugientibus,

Tac. A. 3, 20.—

Of things: occursantes inter se radices,

Plin. 16, 2, 2, § 6.—

In partic.

To rush against or upon, to attack, charge; to strive against, oppose:

occursat ocius gladio,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44:

inter invidos, occursantes, factiosos,

opposing, Sall. J. 85, 3:

fortissimus quisque et promptissimus ad occursandum pugnandumque,

Gell. 3, 7, 6. —

To come to or towards:

quid tu huc occursas,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 2, 27.—

Trop.

To be beforehand with, to anticipate:

fortunae,

Plin. Pan. 25, 5.—

To appear before, present one's self to:

numinibus,

Plin. Pan. 81, 1.—

Esp., to appear to the mind; to suggest itself, enter the thoughts, occur to one; with or without animo; also with acc. of the person:

occursant animo scripta,

Plin. Ep. 5, 5, 7:

occursant verba,

id. ib. 2, 3, 2:

me occursant multae, meminisse hau possum,

occur to me, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 56.

praesūmo, mpsi and msi, mptum and mtum, 3, v. a., to take before, take first or beforehand, take to one's self (syn.: praeoccupo).

Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

neve domi praesume dapes,

Ov. A. A. 3, 757:

allium,

Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 50:

praesumere cibis frigidam,

id. 28, 4, 14, § 55:

remedia,

Tac. A. 14, 3:

heres meus rem illam illum permitte praesumere, et sibi habere, Gai. Epit. Inst. tit. 13: praesumpto tegmine,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 43; 2, 13, 160:

praesumptum diadema,

assumed before the legal age, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 166:

suam cenam praesumit,

takes his own supper first, Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 21.—

Trop.

To take in advance:

praesumere male audiendi patientiam,

to provide one's self with beforehand, Quint. 12, 9, 9:

inviti judices audiunt praesumentem partes suas,

who takes to himself, who encroaches upon, id. 11, 1, 27; 1, 1, 19:

differenda igitur quaedam, et praesumenda,

id. 8, 6, 63: illa in pueris natura minimum spei dederit, in quā ingenium judicio praesumitur, in which wit is preceded by judgment, [p. 1433] where judgment takes the place of the inventive faculty, id. 2, 4, 7.—

To perform beforehand, to anticipate:

heredum officia praesumere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 5: hanc ego vitam voto et cogitatione praesumo, i. e. I imagine or picture to myself beforehand, id. ib. 3, 1, 11:

gaudium, quod ego olim pro te non temere praesumo,

id. ib. 2, 10, 6.—

To spend or employ beforehand:

sementibus tempora plerique praesumunt,

Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 224:

Vitellius fortunam principatus inerti luxu ac prodigis epulis praesumebat,

enjoyed beforehand, Tac. H. 1, 62.—

To imagine, represent, or picture to one's self beforehand:

arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum,

Verg. A. 11, 18:

futura,

Sen. Ep. 107, 3:

semper praesumit saeva, perturbatā conscientiā,

Vulg. Sap. 17, 10;

hence, praesumptum habere,

to presuppose, take for granted, Tac. A. 14, 64:

utcunque se praesumit innocentem (sc. habendum esse),

App. M. 7, 27, p. 200, 8.—

To foresee, to infer beforehand, anticipate:

fortunam alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 41:

eo instantius debita poscentes, quo graviorem militiam praesumebant,

Just. 6, 2.—

To presume, take for granted, suppose, believe, assume:

ab hostibus reverso filio, quem pater obiisse falso praesumpserat,

Dig. 12, 6, 3:

vulgo praesumitur, alium in litem non debere jurare, nisi, etc.,

ib. 12, 3, 7.—

To undertake, venture, dare (post-class.):

tantum animo praesumere, Auct. Pan. ad Const. 2: illicita,

Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 47: ad Italiam transire, Sex. Ruf. Brev. 7.—

To trust, be confident (late Lat.):

quoniam non derelinquis praesumentes de te, et praesumentes de se... humilias,

Vulg. Judith, 6, 15:

de tuā misericordiā,

id. ib. 9, 17.—Hence, praesumptus ( praesumtus), a, um, P. a., taken for granted, assumed, presumed, preconceived (post-Aug.):

praesumpta desperatio,

Quint. 1 prooem.:

opinio,

preconceived opinion, prejudice, id. 2, 17:

spes,

Sil. 7, 582:

suspicio,

Tac. A. 2, 73.—In neutr.: praesumptum est, it is supposed, imagined, presumed:

praesumptum est, quosdam servos bonos esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 31:

quicumque haec noscent, praesumptum habeant, etc.,

let them take for granted, understand without special remark, Tac. 14, 64.— Comp.: praesumptior, Coripp. Johan. 4, 550.—Hence, adv.: praesumptē, confidently, boldly (post-class.) veritatem dicere, Vop. Car. 4.

praesūmo, mpsi and msi, mptum and mtum, 3, v. a., to take before, take first or beforehand, take to one's self (syn.: praeoccupo).

Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

neve domi praesume dapes,

Ov. A. A. 3, 757:

allium,

Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 50:

praesumere cibis frigidam,

id. 28, 4, 14, § 55:

remedia,

Tac. A. 14, 3:

heres meus rem illam illum permitte praesumere, et sibi habere, Gai. Epit. Inst. tit. 13: praesumpto tegmine,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 43; 2, 13, 160:

praesumptum diadema,

assumed before the legal age, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 166:

suam cenam praesumit,

takes his own supper first, Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 21.—

Trop.

To take in advance:

praesumere male audiendi patientiam,

to provide one's self with beforehand, Quint. 12, 9, 9:

inviti judices audiunt praesumentem partes suas,

who takes to himself, who encroaches upon, id. 11, 1, 27; 1, 1, 19:

differenda igitur quaedam, et praesumenda,

id. 8, 6, 63: illa in pueris natura minimum spei dederit, in quā ingenium judicio praesumitur, in which wit is preceded by judgment, [p. 1433] where judgment takes the place of the inventive faculty, id. 2, 4, 7.—

To perform beforehand, to anticipate:

heredum officia praesumere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 5: hanc ego vitam voto et cogitatione praesumo, i. e. I imagine or picture to myself beforehand, id. ib. 3, 1, 11:

gaudium, quod ego olim pro te non temere praesumo,

id. ib. 2, 10, 6.—

To spend or employ beforehand:

sementibus tempora plerique praesumunt,

Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 224:

Vitellius fortunam principatus inerti luxu ac prodigis epulis praesumebat,

enjoyed beforehand, Tac. H. 1, 62.—

To imagine, represent, or picture to one's self beforehand:

arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum,

Verg. A. 11, 18:

futura,

Sen. Ep. 107, 3:

semper praesumit saeva, perturbatā conscientiā,

Vulg. Sap. 17, 10;

hence, praesumptum habere,

to presuppose, take for granted, Tac. A. 14, 64:

utcunque se praesumit innocentem (sc. habendum esse),

App. M. 7, 27, p. 200, 8.—

To foresee, to infer beforehand, anticipate:

fortunam alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 41:

eo instantius debita poscentes, quo graviorem militiam praesumebant,

Just. 6, 2.—

To presume, take for granted, suppose, believe, assume:

ab hostibus reverso filio, quem pater obiisse falso praesumpserat,

Dig. 12, 6, 3:

vulgo praesumitur, alium in litem non debere jurare, nisi, etc.,

ib. 12, 3, 7.—

To undertake, venture, dare (post-class.):

tantum animo praesumere, Auct. Pan. ad Const. 2: illicita,

Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 47: ad Italiam transire, Sex. Ruf. Brev. 7.—

To trust, be confident (late Lat.):

quoniam non derelinquis praesumentes de te, et praesumentes de se... humilias,

Vulg. Judith, 6, 15:

de tuā misericordiā,

id. ib. 9, 17.—Hence, praesumptus ( praesumtus), a, um, P. a., taken for granted, assumed, presumed, preconceived (post-Aug.):

praesumpta desperatio,

Quint. 1 prooem.:

opinio,

preconceived opinion, prejudice, id. 2, 17:

spes,

Sil. 7, 582:

suspicio,

Tac. A. 2, 73.—In neutr.: praesumptum est, it is supposed, imagined, presumed:

praesumptum est, quosdam servos bonos esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 31:

quicumque haec noscent, praesumptum habeant, etc.,

let them take for granted, understand without special remark, Tac. 14, 64.— Comp.: praesumptior, Coripp. Johan. 4, 550.—Hence, adv.: praesumptē, confidently, boldly (post-class.) veritatem dicere, Vop. Car. 4.

praesūmo, mpsi and msi, mptum and mtum, 3, v. a., to take before, take first or beforehand, take to one's self (syn.: praeoccupo).

Lit. ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

neve domi praesume dapes,

Ov. A. A. 3, 757:

allium,

Plin. 25, 5, 21, § 50:

praesumere cibis frigidam,

id. 28, 4, 14, § 55:

remedia,

Tac. A. 14, 3:

heres meus rem illam illum permitte praesumere, et sibi habere, Gai. Epit. Inst. tit. 13: praesumpto tegmine,

Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 1, 43; 2, 13, 160:

praesumptum diadema,

assumed before the legal age, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 166:

suam cenam praesumit,

takes his own supper first, Vulg. 1 Cor. 11, 21.—

Trop.

To take in advance:

praesumere male audiendi patientiam,

to provide one's self with beforehand, Quint. 12, 9, 9:

inviti judices audiunt praesumentem partes suas,

who takes to himself, who encroaches upon, id. 11, 1, 27; 1, 1, 19:

differenda igitur quaedam, et praesumenda,

id. 8, 6, 63: illa in pueris natura minimum spei dederit, in quā ingenium judicio praesumitur, in which wit is preceded by judgment, [p. 1433] where judgment takes the place of the inventive faculty, id. 2, 4, 7.—

To perform beforehand, to anticipate:

heredum officia praesumere,

Plin. Ep. 6, 10, 5: hanc ego vitam voto et cogitatione praesumo, i. e. I imagine or picture to myself beforehand, id. ib. 3, 1, 11:

gaudium, quod ego olim pro te non temere praesumo,

id. ib. 2, 10, 6.—

To spend or employ beforehand:

sementibus tempora plerique praesumunt,

Plin. 18, 25, 60, § 224:

Vitellius fortunam principatus inerti luxu ac prodigis epulis praesumebat,

enjoyed beforehand, Tac. H. 1, 62.—

To imagine, represent, or picture to one's self beforehand:

arma parate animis, et spe praesumite bellum,

Verg. A. 11, 18:

futura,

Sen. Ep. 107, 3:

semper praesumit saeva, perturbatā conscientiā,

Vulg. Sap. 17, 10;

hence, praesumptum habere,

to presuppose, take for granted, Tac. A. 14, 64:

utcunque se praesumit innocentem (sc. habendum esse),

App. M. 7, 27, p. 200, 8.—

To foresee, to infer beforehand, anticipate:

fortunam alicujus,

Tac. A. 12, 41:

eo instantius debita poscentes, quo graviorem militiam praesumebant,

Just. 6, 2.—

To presume, take for granted, suppose, believe, assume:

ab hostibus reverso filio, quem pater obiisse falso praesumpserat,

Dig. 12, 6, 3:

vulgo praesumitur, alium in litem non debere jurare, nisi, etc.,

ib. 12, 3, 7.—

To undertake, venture, dare (post-class.):

tantum animo praesumere, Auct. Pan. ad Const. 2: illicita,

Sulp. Sev. Hist. Sacr. 1, 47: ad Italiam transire, Sex. Ruf. Brev. 7.—

To trust, be confident (late Lat.):

quoniam non derelinquis praesumentes de te, et praesumentes de se... humilias,

Vulg. Judith, 6, 15:

de tuā misericordiā,

id. ib. 9, 17.—Hence, praesumptus ( praesumtus), a, um, P. a., taken for granted, assumed, presumed, preconceived (post-Aug.):

praesumpta desperatio,

Quint. 1 prooem.:

opinio,

preconceived opinion, prejudice, id. 2, 17:

spes,

Sil. 7, 582:

suspicio,

Tac. A. 2, 73.—In neutr.: praesumptum est, it is supposed, imagined, presumed:

praesumptum est, quosdam servos bonos esse,

Dig. 21, 1, 31:

quicumque haec noscent, praesumptum habeant, etc.,

let them take for granted, understand without special remark, Tac. 14, 64.— Comp.: praesumptior, Coripp. Johan. 4, 550.—Hence, adv.: praesumptē, confidently, boldly (post-class.) veritatem dicere, Vop. Car. 4.

prae-for, fātus, 1 (old imper. praefato, Cato, R. R. 134. 1:

praefamino,

id. ib. 141, 2; cf. Müll. ad Fest. p. 87, 10), v. dep. n. and a.

In gen., to say or utter beforehand, to premise, preface:

in parte operis mei licet mihi praefari, quod, etc.,

Liv. 21, 1, 1; Col. 10, praef. 5; 12, 50, 7; Cels. 3, 1: praefatus, de summā se republicā acturum, having first announced by edict that, etc., Suet. Caes. 28:

quae de deorum naturā praefati sumus, etc.,

Cic. Univ. 10 fin.:

cum praefatus fuero, quae, etc.,

Col. 1 prooem. fin.; Gell. 9, 15, 4:

sibi Asiam sufficere praefatus,

Just. 11, 5, 5:

arcana se et silenda afferre praefatus,

Curt. 6, 7, 3:

is cum praefatus esset, scire, etc.,

id. 7, 4, 9; Liv. 43, 7, 7.—

Esp.

In a relig. sense, to utter a preliminary prayer, to address in prayer beforehand:

majores nostri omnibus rebus agendis Quod bonum, faustum, felix fortunatumque esset, praefabantur,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 102:

pontifice maximo praefante carmen,

Liv. 5, 41, 3: decemviri carminibus (abl.) praefarentur, should say beforehand ( = praeirent), id. 22, 1, 16 (v. Weissenb. ad h. l.): priusquam hasce fruges condantur... ture, vino Jano, Jovi, Junoni praefato, offering wine and incense, say a prayer to Janus, etc., Cato, R. R. 134, 1.—With the obj.-acc. of the deity:

Janum Jovemque vino praefamino,

id. ib. 141, 2:

divos,

Verg. A. 11, 301.—

Si dicimus, Ille patrem strangulavit, honorem non praefamur:

sin de Aureliā aliquid aut Lolliā, honos praefandus est,

we do not preface it by saying, with permission, with respect be it spoken, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4:

veniam,

to ask leave before speaking, App. M. 1 init.; id. Flor. init. —

To name or cite beforehand: Aristoteles, quem in iis magnā secuturus ex parte praefandum reor, to mention or name as an authority in advance, Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 43.—

To foretell, predict, prophesy (very rare), Cat. 64, 383.—Hence,

praefātus, a, um, in pass. signif., mentioned or stated before (post-class.):

condemnatus ex praefatis causis,

Dig. 20, 4, 12:

jura,

ib. 10, 3, 19: sic etiam nostro praefatus habebere libro, named at the beginning, Aus. praef. 2 fin.:

sine honoribus praefatis appellare aliquid,

without saying, By your leave, Arn. 5, 176:

vir praefatā reverentiā nominandus,

Vop. Aur. 1.—Hence, subst.: praefātum, i, n., for praefatio, a preface:

praefato opus est,

Symm. Ep. 6, 3.—

praefandus, a, um, P. a., for which must be asked permission or indulgence; that requires apology:

praefandi umoris e corpore effluvium,

Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 171.—Hence, subst.: praefanda, ōrum, n., foul expressions:

in praefanda videmur incidere,

Quint. 8, 3, 45.

prae-for, fātus, 1 (old imper. praefato, Cato, R. R. 134. 1:

praefamino,

id. ib. 141, 2; cf. Müll. ad Fest. p. 87, 10), v. dep. n. and a.

In gen., to say or utter beforehand, to premise, preface:

in parte operis mei licet mihi praefari, quod, etc.,

Liv. 21, 1, 1; Col. 10, praef. 5; 12, 50, 7; Cels. 3, 1: praefatus, de summā se republicā acturum, having first announced by edict that, etc., Suet. Caes. 28:

quae de deorum naturā praefati sumus, etc.,

Cic. Univ. 10 fin.:

cum praefatus fuero, quae, etc.,

Col. 1 prooem. fin.; Gell. 9, 15, 4:

sibi Asiam sufficere praefatus,

Just. 11, 5, 5:

arcana se et silenda afferre praefatus,

Curt. 6, 7, 3:

is cum praefatus esset, scire, etc.,

id. 7, 4, 9; Liv. 43, 7, 7.—

Esp.

In a relig. sense, to utter a preliminary prayer, to address in prayer beforehand:

majores nostri omnibus rebus agendis Quod bonum, faustum, felix fortunatumque esset, praefabantur,

Cic. Div. 1, 45, 102:

pontifice maximo praefante carmen,

Liv. 5, 41, 3: decemviri carminibus (abl.) praefarentur, should say beforehand ( = praeirent), id. 22, 1, 16 (v. Weissenb. ad h. l.): priusquam hasce fruges condantur... ture, vino Jano, Jovi, Junoni praefato, offering wine and incense, say a prayer to Janus, etc., Cato, R. R. 134, 1.—With the obj.-acc. of the deity:

Janum Jovemque vino praefamino,

id. ib. 141, 2:

divos,

Verg. A. 11, 301.—

Si dicimus, Ille patrem strangulavit, honorem non praefamur:

sin de Aureliā aliquid aut Lolliā, honos praefandus est,

we do not preface it by saying, with permission, with respect be it spoken, Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 4:

veniam,

to ask leave before speaking, App. M. 1 init.; id. Flor. init. —

To name or cite beforehand: Aristoteles, quem in iis magnā secuturus ex parte praefandum reor, to mention or name as an authority in advance, Plin. 8, 16, 17, § 43.—

To foretell, predict, prophesy (very rare), Cat. 64, 383.—Hence,

praefātus, a, um, in pass. signif., mentioned or stated before (post-class.):

condemnatus ex praefatis causis,

Dig. 20, 4, 12:

jura,

ib. 10, 3, 19: sic etiam nostro praefatus habebere libro, named at the beginning, Aus. praef. 2 fin.:

sine honoribus praefatis appellare aliquid,

without saying, By your leave, Arn. 5, 176:

vir praefatā reverentiā nominandus,

Vop. Aur. 1.—Hence, subst.: praefātum, i, n., for praefatio, a preface:

praefato opus est,

Symm. Ep. 6, 3.—

praefandus, a, um, P. a., for which must be asked permission or indulgence; that requires apology:

praefandi umoris e corpore effluvium,

Plin. 7, 51, 52, § 171.—Hence, subst.: praefanda, ōrum, n., foul expressions:

in praefanda videmur incidere,

Quint. 8, 3, 45.

prae-cĭpĭo, cēpi, ceptum, 3, v. a. [capio], to take or seize beforehand, to get or receive in advance (class., esp. in the trop. sense; syn.: anticipo, praeoccupo).

Lit.

In gen., Lucr. 6, 1050:

nisi aquam praecepimus ante,

id. 6, 804:

a publicanis pecuniam insequentis anni mutuam praeceperat,

Caes. B. C. 3, 31:

aliquantum viae,

to get the start somewhat, Liv. 36, 19:

longius spatium fugā,

id. 22, 41 fin.:

iter,

id. 3, 46:

Piraeeum quinqueremibus,

to preoccupy, id. 32, 16, 5: mons a Lusitanis praeceptus, Sall. Fragm. ap. Gell. 10, 26, 3:

si lac praeceperit aestus,

i. e. have previously dried up, Verg. E. 3, 98.—

In partic., in jurid. lang, to receive (esp. an inheritance or bequest) in advance, Plin. Ep. 5, 7, 4:

si heres centum praecipere jussus sit,

Dig. 30, 122; so ib. 36, 1, 63:

quantitatem dotis,

ib. 17, 2, 81:

dotem,

ib. 10, 2, 46:

per praeceptionem hoc modo legamus: Lucius Titius hominem Stichum praecipito,

Gai. Inst. 2, 216. —

Trop.

In gen., to take or obtain in advance, to anticipate:

aliquantum ad fugam temporis Syphax et Hasdrubal praeceperunt,

gained some advantage in time, Liv. 30, 8 fin.:

tempus,

id. 1, 7:

celeres neu praecipe Parcas,

do not hasten in advance of, do not anticipate, Stat. Th. 8, 328; so,

veneno fata praecepit,

Flor. 3, 9, 4: praecipio gaudia suppliciorum vestrorum, I rejoice in advance, Anton. ap. Cic. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Hirt. B. G. 8, 51; cf. Liv. 45, 1, 1:

jam animo victoriam praecipiebant,

figured to themselves beforehand, Caes. B. C. 3, 87 fin.; Liv. 10, 26:

spe jam praecipit hostem,

Verg. A. 11, 491: praecipere cogitatione futura, to conjecture or imagine beforehand, Cic. Off. 1, 23, 81:

omnia,

Verg. A. 6, 105; cf.:

haec usu ventura opinione praeceperat,

had already suspected, Caes. B. G. 7, 9:

sed alterum mihi est certius, nec praecipiam tamen,

Cic. Att. 10, 1, 2.—

In partic., to give rules or precepts to any one, to advise, admonish, warn, inform, instruct, teach; to enjoin, direct, bid, order, etc. (syn.:

mando, impero, doceo): vilici officia, quae dominus praecepit,

Cato, R. R. 142:

Philocomasio id praecipiendum est, ut sciat,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 92:

quoi numquam unam rem me licet semel praecipere,

id. As. 2, 4, 15:

quae ego tibi praecipio, ea facito,

id. Trin. 2, 2, 17:

docui, monui, bene praecepi semper quae potui omnia,

Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 6:

quicquid praecipies, esto brevis,

Hor. A. P. 335:

de eloquentiā,

Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 48:

de agriculturā,

Plin. 18, 24, 56, § 201:

alicui aliquid praecipere,

Cic. Mur. 2, 4: glossemata nobis, Asin. Gall. ap. Suet. Gram. 22:

numerumque modumque carinis Praecipiant,

Verg. A. 11, 329:

cantus lugubres,

Hor. C. 1, 24, 2:

artem nandi,

Ov. Tr. 2, 486:

humanitatem,

Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 2, etc.:

mitem animum et mores modicis erroribus aequos Praecipit,

enjoins, recommends, Juv. 14, 16.—With inf.:

justitia praecipit, parcere omnibus,

Cic. Rep. 3, 12, 21; so,

paeoniam praecipiunt eruere noctu,

Plin. 25, 4, 10, § 29:

codicillos aperiri testator praecepit,

Dig. 31, 1, 89.—With ut:

illud potius praecipiendum fuit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 16, 60:

recte etiam praecipi potest in amicitiis, ne, etc.,

id. ib. 20, 75:

consulentibus Pythia praecepit, ut, etc.,

Nep. Milt. 1, 3.—With subj. alone:

praecipit atque interdicit, omnes unum peterent Indutiomarum,

Caes. B. G. 5, 58:

his praecepit, omnes mortales pecuniā aggrediantur,

Sall. J. 28, 1.—With acc. and inf.:

etiam scelere convictos nonnisi ad opus damnari praeceperat,

Suet. Ner. 31:

D. Claudius edicto praecepit,

decreed, commanded, Dig. 48, 10, 15. —As subst.: praecĭpĭens, entis, m., a teacher, Cic. Rep. 1, 46, 70:

jam prope consummata fuerit praecipientis opera,

Quint. 2, 6, 6:

in numero praecipientium,

id. 2, 3, 5.—Hence, praeceptum, i, n. (acc. to II. B.), a maxim, rule, precept; an order, direction, command, bidding; an injunction, etc. (class.):

quo praecepto ab iis diligentissime observato,

Caes. B. G. 5, 35:

sine praecepto ullius suā sponte struebatur acies,

Liv. 9, 31:

transvectae praecepto ducis alae,

Tac. Agr. 37:

hoc praeceptum patet latius,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 24, 58; cf.:

hoc praeceptum officii diligenter tenendum est,

id. Off. 2, 14, 51.—In plur.:

tuis monitig praeceptisque,

Cic. Fam. 5, 13, 3:

in quam (partem) praecepta nobis danda sunt,

id. Inv. 2, 17, 53; 2, 34, 105:

abundare praeceptis philosophiae,

id. Off. 1, 1, 1:

dare praecepta dicendi,

id. Brut. 76, 273; cf.

studiosis dicendi praecepta tradere,

id. Or. 41, 141:

deūm praecepta secuti,

orders, commands, Verg. G. 4, 448:

sine vi non ulla dabit (Nereus) praecepta,

id. ib. 4, 398.

prae-mŏnĕo, ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a.

In gen., to forewarn, to advise, or admonish beforehand, to remind beforehand, to premonish (class.); constr. aliquem with ut or ne, with a simple subj., with quod, with de, aliquid (of a thing):

me, ut magnopere caverem, praemonebat,

Cic. Verr. 1, 8, 23; so with ut, Vell. 2, 57, 2; Suet. Oth. 6:

ut te praemonerem, plurimum tibi credas,

Plin. Ep. 6, 22, 7:

praemonito filio, ne alii crederet,

Just. 12, 14, 7:

praemoneo, numquam scripta quod ista legat,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 16:

de impendentibus periculis voce Jovis praemoneri,

Cic. Har. Resp. 5, 10:

conatus hostis,

to warn of, Liv. 33, 20, 12:

caeli varietatem praemonitus,

Col. 11, 2, 1:

praemoniti oraculo,

Plin. 16, 39, 76, § 199:

ut futuri principes praemonerentur, quā viā possent ad gloriam niti,

Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 2.—

In partic., of prophecies, to foretell, foreshow, predict ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

futura,

Just. 43, 1, 8:

haruspices praemonuerunt superna vulnera,

Plin. 2, 56, 57, § 147.—

Of inanimate things, to presage, signify, foreshadow:

ferunt Terribiles tubas auditaque cornua caelo Praemonuisse nefas,

Ov. M. 15, 784:

rutilus (circa lunam) et ventos et imbres praemonebit,

Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 347.—

Of animals:

pericula (animalia) praemonent, non fibris modo extisque, sed aliā quādam significatione,

Plin. 8, 28, 42, § 102.—

With object-clause:

et vatum timeo monitus, quos, igne Pelasgo Ilion arsuram, praemonuisse ferunt,

Ov. H. 17, 239.—Hence, praemŏnĭtum, i, n., a premonition (post-class.):

praemonita et praecepta,

Gell. 14, 2, 3.

prō-mitto, mīsi, missum, 3 (sync. forms:

promisti for promisisti,

Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 17; Cat. 110, 3:

promisse for promisisse,

id. 110, 5:

promissem,

Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 12; archaic inf. pass. promittier, id. ib. 4, 8, 32), v. a.

Lit., to let go forward, to send or put forth, to let hang down, let grow, etc. (rare;

not in Cic.): ramos vel ferro compescunt vel longius promittunt,

suffer to grow longer, Col. 5, 6, 11.—Reflex., to grow:

nec ulla arborum avidius se promittit,

Plin. 16, 26, 44, § 107.—Of the hair, the beard, to let hang down, let grow:

satis constat multos mortales capillum ac barbam promisisse,

Liv. 6, 16, 4; 5, 41; cf.:

pogoniae, quibus inferiore ex parte promittitur juba,

Plin. 2, 25, 22, § 89.— Transf.:

(Sonus lusciniae) promittitur revocato spiritu,

is drawn out, prolonged, Plin. 10, 29, 43, § 82;

Gallia est longe et a nostris litoribus huc usque promissa,

Mel. 1, 3; v. infra, P. a.—

Trop., of speech.

To say beforehand, to forebode, foretell, predict, prophesy (very rare):

praesertim cum, si mihi alterum utrum de eventu rerum promittendum esset, id futurum, quod evenit, exploratius possem promittere,

Cic. Fam. 6, 1, 5:

ut (di) primis minentur extis, bene promittant secundis,

id. Div. 2, 17, 38.—Of signs or omens, to forebode, portend:

pari in meliora praesagio in Caesaris castris omnia aves victimaeque promiserant,

Flor. 4, 7, 9:

promittunt omina poenas,

Val. Fl. 6, 730: clarum fore (Servium) visa circa caput flamma promiserat, Flor 1, 6, 1; 1, 7, 9.—Also, in gen., to denote beforehand:

stella... vindemiae maturitatem promittens,

Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 309.—

To promise, hold out, cause to expect, give hope or promise of, assure (class. and freq.; syn.: polliceor, spondeo, recipio), constr. with acc., an object-clause, or de:

domum,

Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 28:

sestertia septem,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 81:

carmen,

id. Epod. 14, 7, dona, Ov Tr. 4, 2, 7:

auxilium alicui,

id. M. 13, 325:

opem,

id. F 5, 247:

salutem,

Luc. 4, 235:

ea quae tibi promitto ac recipio,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 5:

si Neptunus quod Theseo promiserat, non fecisset,

id. Off. 1, 10, 32:

dii faxint, ut faciat ea quae promittit!

id. Att. 16, 1, 6.— With inf. (usu. fut. inf.):

promitto, recipio, spondeo, C. Caesarem talem semper fore civem, qualis hodie sit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 51; cf.:

promitto, in meque recipio fore eum, etc.,

id. Fam. 13, 10, 3:

quem inimicissimum futurum esse promitto et spondeo,

id. Mur. 41, 90:

surrepturum pallam promisit tibi,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 80; id. Aul. 2, 2, 42; cf. id. Men. 5, 4, 6:

promisit Apollo Ambiguam tellure novā Salamina futuram,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 28; id. S. 1, 6, 34.—With inf. pres.:

si operam dare promittitis,

Plaut. Trin. prol. 5; id. Bacch. 4, 8, 79; id. Rud. 2, 6, 56: magorum vanitas ebrietati eas resistere [p. 1465] promittit, Plin. 37, 9, 40, § 124; cf.:

se remedium afferer tantamque vim morbi levaturum esse promisit,

Curt. 3, 6, 2 monstrare, Amm. 22, 7, 5:

promittere oratorem,

to give promise of becoming, Sen. Contr 4, 29, 10; cf.:

per ea scelera se parricidam,

excite fears lest he become, Quint. Decl. 1, 6:

me Promisi ultorem,

Verg. A. 2, 96.—With de:

de alicujus voluntate promittere,

Cic. Fam. 7, 5, 1:

de me tibi sic promitto atque confirmo, me, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 10, 1; Hor. S. 1, 4, 103:

promittere damni infecti,

i. e. to promise indemnification for, become answerable for the possible damage, Cic. Top 4, 22.—

With ut and subj.:

promiserat ut daret,

Vulg. 2 Par. 21, 7.—Of things' terra ipsa promittit (aquas), gives promise of, leads one to expect water, Plin. 31, 3, 27, § 45:

debet extremitas (picturae) sic desinere, ut promittat alia post se,

to lead one to suppose, to suggest, id. 35, 10, 36, § 68; Sen. Hippol. 569.—

In partic.

To promise to come, to engage one's self to meet any one, to dine, sup, etc., Plaut. Stich. 3, 2, 19 sq.; 4, 2, 16:

ad fratrem,

Cic. de Or. 2, 7, 27:

ad cenam mihi,

Phaedr. 4, 23, 15; Petr. 10; so,

tibi me promittere noli,

to expect me, Ov. M. 11, 662.—

To promise something to a deity, i. e. to vow:

donum Jovi dicatum atque promissum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 184:

nigras pecudes Diti,

Tib. 3, 5, 33; Juv 13, 233; Petr 88; Flor. 1, 11, 4.—

To offer as a price (post-Aug.):

pro domo sestertium millies promittens,

Plin. 17. 1, 1, § 3. —Hence, prōmissus, a, um, P a.

Lit., hanging down, long; of the hair: coma, Varr. ap. Non. 362, 32; Liv. 38, 17, 3; Ov. Tr. 4, 2, 34:

Britanni capillo sunt promisso,

Caes. B. G. 5, 14; so,

capillus,

Nep. Dat. 3, 1:

barba,

Verg. E. 8, 34; Liv. 2, 23, 4:

barba omnibus promissa erat,

id. 5, 41, 9; Plin. Ep. 2, 7, 7; Just. 4, 4, 1.—Of the dewlap:

boves palearibus amplis et paene ad genua promissis,

Col. 6, 1, 3.—Of the belly:

sues ventre promisso,

Col. 7, 9, 1.—

Subst.: prōmissum, i, n., a promise (very freq. in prose and poetry; cf.

promissio, pollicitatio),

Cic. Verr 2, 5, 53, § 139:

voto quodam et promisso teneri,

id. Att. 12, 18, 1:

constantia promissi,

id. ib. 4, 17, 1:

promissum absolvere,

Varr. R. R. 2, 11, 1:

facere,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31; 3, 25, 95:

exigere,

id. ib. 3, 25, 94:

ludere aliquem promisso inani,

Ov. F. 3, 685.—In plur.:

pacta et promissa servare,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 92:

illis promissis standum non est, quae, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 10, 32:

promissis manere,

Verg. A. 2, 160:

promissa firmare,

Ov. M. 10, 430:

multa fidem promissa levant,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 10:

dic aliquid dignum promissis,

id. S. 2, 3, 6:

quo promissa (Ennii) cadant,

i. e. the expectations which he raises, id. Ep. 2, 1, 52:

promissa dare,

to make promises, Cat. 63, 239; to fulfil, Ov. M. 2, 51.

prae-fĕro, tŭli, lātum, ferre, v. a., to bear before, to carry in front, to hold forth.

Lit.

In gen. (class.):

dextrā ardentem facem praeferebat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 34, § 74; cf.:

alicui facem ad libidinem,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 13:

in fascibus insignia laureae,

Caes. B. C. 3, 71:

fasces praetoribus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 9, § 22; Ov. F. 2, 336:

claram facem praeferre pudendis,

Juv. 8, 139.—

Pass. with mid. force: praelatus, riding by, hurrying past:

praelatus equo,

Tac. A. 6, 35:

praelatos hostes adoriri,

Liv. 2, 14 fin.:

praeter castra sua fugā praelati,

id. 7, 24; cf. id. 33, 27.—With acc.:

castra sua praelati,

hurrying past the camp, Liv. 5, 26.—

In partic., to carry in front, to bear along in public, and esp. in religious and triumphal processions:

signa militaria praelata,

Liv. 3, 29; 31, 49:

Pontico triumpho trium verborum praetulit titulum: veni, vidi, vici,

Suet. Caes. 37:

statuam Circensi pompā,

id. Tit. 2.—

Trop.

In gen., to carry before, to place or set before, to offer, present (very rare):

clarissimum lumen praetulistis menti meae,

Cic. Sull. 14, 40: suam vitam, ut legem, praefert suis legibus, to carry one's life before, let it shine before as a guiding law (the image is borrowed from the bearing of torches before a thing), id. Rep. 1, 34, 52 Mos.: apud consulem causam atque excusationem, to offer as a cause, as an excuse, Sisenn. ap. Non. 58, 17.—

In partic.

To place a person or thing before another in esteem, to prefer (very freq.):

quem cui nostrum non saepe praetulit?

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 8; so,

aliquem alicui,

id. Brut. 26, 101:

se alicui,

id. de Or. 2, 84, 342; Caes. B. G. 2, 27, 2; cf.:

virtute belli praeferri omnibus nationibus,

id. ib. 5, 54, 5:

pecuniam amicitiae,

Cic. Lael. 17, 63:

jus majestatis atque imperii ipsi naturae patrioque amori, id Fin. 1, 7, 23: vestram voluntatem meis omnibus commodis et rationibus,

id. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71:

ergo ille... ipsis est praeferendus doctoribus... Equidem quemadmodum urbes magnas viculis et castellis praeferendas puto, sic, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 2, 3:

Brutus cuilibet ducum praeferendus,

Vell. 2, 69, 3:

puellam puellis,

Ov. M. 4, 56; Plin. 15, 23, 25, § 94:

hoc pueris patriaeque,

Juv. 6, 111: animam praeferre [p. 1419] pudori, id. 8, 83.—With an object-clause, to choose rather, prefer:

cur alter fratrum cessare et ludere et ungi Praeferat Herodis palmetis pinguibus,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 184:

ut multi praetulerint carere Penatibus,

Col. 1, 3.—

With ref. to time, to take beforehand, to anticipate (very rare;

not in Cic.): diem triumphi,

Liv. 39, 5, 12:

nec bonus Eurytion praelato invidit honori,

Verg. A. 5, 541; cf.: praelato die, Form. Praet. ap. Dig. 2, 13, 1; 48, 10, 28; cf.

opem,

to bring beforehand, Stat. Th. 6, 476.—

To show, display, exhibit, discover, manifest, expose, reveal, betray, etc. (rare but class.): cum praeferremus sensus aperte, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 8, 4:

avaritiam praefers,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 31, 87:

amorem,

Ov. H. 17, 36:

fons Calirrhoë aquarum gloriam ipso nomine praeferens,

Plin. 5, 16, 15, § 72:

aures in equis animi indicia praeferunt,

id. 11, 37, 50, § 137:

duae aquilae omen duplicis imperii praeferentes,

Just. 12, 16:

modestiam praeferre et lasciviā uti,

Tac. A. 13, 45 (but in id. H. 5, 1, praelatis is corrupted;

the correct read. is privatis): dolorem animi vultu,

Curt. 6, 9, 1:

sapientiae studium habitu corporis,

Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6.

prae-jūdĭco, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to judge, pass sentence, or decide beforehand, to prejudge (class.).

Lit., in the judicial sphere:

praejudicare de aliquo majore maleficio,

Cic. Inv. 1, 20, 60; id. Verr. 2, 3, 65, § 153.—

Transf., apart from judicial lang.: de iis censores praejudicent, let the censors give their preliminary judgment (before the case is brought before the judges), Cic. Leg. 3, 20, 47.—

To be injurious, prejudicial; with dat. (post-class.):

res inter alios judicatae aliis non praejudicant,

Dig. 42, 1, 63; 47, 10, 7:

ingenuitati,

Paul. Sent. 5, 3, 3; Ambros. in Luc. 3, 41.—Hence, praejūdĭcātus, a, um, P. a., decided beforehand, prejudged:

praejudicatum eventum belli habetis,

Liv. 42, 61:

res,

Cic. Clu. 17, 49:

nihil,

id. ib. 44, 124:

opinio,

a preconceived notion, prejudice, id. N. D. 1, 5, 10.— Sup.:

vir praejudicatissimus,

i.e. whose talents are already clearly ascertained, Sid. post Carm. 22.—

Subst.: praejūdĭ-cātum, i, n.

Something decided beforehand, Liv. 26, 2.—

A previous opinion, prepossession, = praejudicium postulo, ut ne quid huc praejudicati afferatis, Cic. Clu. 2, 6.

prae-vĕnĭo, vēni, ventum, 4 (in tmesi:

praeque diem veniens,

Verg. E. 8, 17), v. n. and a., to come before, precede, get the start of, to outstrip, anticipate, to prevent (postAug.; for, in Cic. Off. 3, 7, 33, the correct reading is peremisset; cf.: antevenio, antecedo, praeverto); constr. absol. or with acc.

Lit., absol.:

hostis breviore viā praeventurus erat,

Liv. 22, 24:

praevenerat non fama solum, sed nuncius etiam ex regiis servis,

id. 24, 21:

Lucifero praeveniente,

Ov. F. 5, 548.—

With acc.:

talia agentem mors praevenit,

anticipated him, prevented the execution of his plans, Suet. Caes. 44:

desiderium plebis,

Liv. 8, 16:

damnationis ignominiam voluntariā morte praevenit,

anticipated, Val. Max. 1, 3, 3.—In pass., to be prevented, hindered, etc.:

quae ipse paravisset facere, perfidiā clientis sui praeventa,

Sall. J. 71, 5:

quod non praeventum morte fuisse, dolet,

prevented by death, Ov. Tr. 5, 4, 32:

peregissetque ultionem, nisi morte praeventus fuisset,

Just. 32, 3:

praeventus est ab Agrippinā,

Suet. Claud. 44; Plin. Ep. 9, 1, 3:

nisi praeveniretur Agrippina,

i. e. if she had not been killed beforehand, Tac. A. 14, 7:

si maritus sit in magistratu, potest praeveniri a patre,

the father can bring the accusation first, Dig. 48, 5, 15.—

To come or go beforehand (late Lat.):

ut praeveniant ad vos,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 9, 5:

praevenit ungere corpus meum,

id. Marc. 14, 8.—

Trop., to surpass, excel, be superior (post-Aug.):

Nomentanae vites fecunditate (Amineas) praeveniunt,

Col. 3, 2, 14.